Biological Interactions

Biological interactions are the effects organisms in a community have on one another. In the natural world no organism exists in absolute isolation, and thus every organism must interact with the environment and other organisms. An organism's interactions with its environment are fundamental to the survival of that organism and the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Biological Interactions and plant pathogens by s.s, M.K & P.R